Cereals are one of the most important sources of food for humans and animals, among which bread wheat (Triticum
aestivum L.) is considered as the most important crop in the world. Reducing the rainfall, along with the untapped use of water resources, is a serious warning for water scarcity. Since water scarcity has a negative effect on plant growth, it is the most severe environmental stress for plant growth and production. Aphids also play an important role in reducing yield as one of the most important pests of crops, especially cereals. The rose-grain aphid, Metopolophium dirhodum (Walker) (Hemiptera: Aphididae), is one of the most important and common aphid species in wheat fields which, in addition to direct damage, transmit the barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV). In this study, e effect of three levels of water stress, medium (irrigation equivalent to 60% of field capacity), severe (irrigation equivalent to %40 of field capacity) and non-stress condition (irrigation equivalent to 100% of field capacity at all stages of plant growth) as well as two wheat cultivars Shiraz (susceptible to drought) and Chamran (resistant to drought) were studied on the life table parameters of this aphid in greenhouse conditions. This experiment was conducted as factorial based on a completely randomized design with 45 replications. The raw data of life tables were analyzed by the age-stage two-sex life table. The results showed that most factors significantly effect on life table parameters. Intrinsic rate of population increase (rm) on wheat in Shiraz variety in control, moderate and severe stress were 0.239, 0.182 and
-1.811 respectively. This parameter is 0.215, 0.222 and 0.175 for Chamran variety respectively. The net rate of increase (R0) of aphid was significantly lower when fed on Shiraz wheat variety with severe stress.