Aphids are a major pest of agricultural products that directly and indirectly damage plants. This group of insects has the most species diversity in temperate regions. In these areas, there are fewer plant species that do not have their own aphids. A prerequisite for the precautionary measures and control of these pests is their precise identification. Faunistic study was carried out to identify aphids in Esfarayen region. Due to its geographical location and the presence of pastures, agricultural land, gardens, scattered forests, vegetation diversity and climate, this city is a good habitat for different aphid species. In this study, using standard methods, sampling was performed from different hosts. Water-Yellow traps were also used. Microscopic slides were prepared from viviparous wingless females and identified with different identification keys. In this study 45 aphid species belonging to 3 families and 20 genus were identified. The species Aphis illinoisensis Shimer, 1866 collected from the leaves of grape, is reported for the first time from Iran. This species has been reported from north, central and south America, the countries of Turkey and Palestine from Asia, Tunisia, Algeria and Libya from Africa and Albania, Montenegro, Cyprus, Greece, Italy, Spain and Malta from Europe. The morphological characteristics of A.illinoisensis are as follows: The overall color of the body is from dark to dark brown, antennae 6-segmented, terminal process much longer than base of last antennal segment, antennal tubercle reduced, cauda and siphunculi have dark pigments, hind tibia wholly black, siphunculi tapering, cauda finger-shaped, Abdomen lacking sclerotization points and plates