In order to identify the plant parasitic nematodes of Kermanshah province, samples from soil, root and aerial tissues of plants were collected from different crops during 2017. Nematodes were extracted and processed to anhydrous glycerin by using common methods. Permanent slides were prepared and nematodes were studied based on morphological and morphometrics characters. Among the examined species, five population of the genus Aphelenchoides Fischer, 1984 were detected and identified as: A. limberi Steiner, 1936, A. centralis Thorne & Malek, 1968, A. capsuloplanus Haque, 1967, A. varicaudatus Ibrahim & Hooper, 1994 and A. huntensis Esmaeili, Fang, Li & Heydari, 2017, which A. capsuloplanus is the new for nematode fauna of Iran. This species could be separated from closely related species by having a relatively small body length of 508-618 μm (females) and 483-510 μm (males), with a stylet length of 9-10 µm, post-uterine sac length of 18-30 μm, position of the excretory pore is located ca one body diam. posterior to the metacorpus valve, spicules with the dorsal limb 14-15 μm long, and tail with a broadly rounded terminus and some morphological characters. For molecular study of the Iranian population of A. capsuloplanus, the partial 18S and the D2/D3 expansion segments of the 28S rDNA gene were amplified and sequenced. The obtained sequences (MF706252, MF706253) were compared with closely related species sequences based on BlastN search and did not matched with any sequences available in GenBank. Inferred trees based on the partial 18S of SSU and 28S of D2/D3 genes sequences, placed A. capsuloplanus in a monophyletic clade with A. fujianensis Zhauo, Cui, Ye, Luo, Wang, Hu & Liao, 2010 (KT692683, KT692691) and sisiter group with A. besseyi Christie, 1942 (KT692690, KT692700) and A. ritzemabosi Steiner & Buhrer, 1932 (KT692713) with 98-100% support.