Wheat leaf rust, caused by Puccinia triticina Eriks. is the most common disease of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) worldwide and has a widespread geographical distribution in Iran. Iran is the 15th leading wheat producer in the world, therefore it is of great importance to identify prevalence and distribution of P. triticina pathotypes. For this purpose, 175 samples of rust infected leaves were collected from 14 Provinces from 2010 to 2017. Single pustules were derived from each sample and increased on the susceptible cultivar “Boolani”. Generally 241 single uredinium of P. triticina were collected and tested on 20 Thatcher near-isogenic lines. In total, 86 distinct pathotypes of P. triticina were identified. The most common pathotypes were FDTTQ, FDKPQ, FDKTQ and FDTNQ. Mazandaran and Khuzestan Provinces with 27 and 25 had the highest number of virulence phenotypes, respectively. None of the 86 virulent phenotypes were found in all years studied. FDKPQ was frequently detected in all studied years, except 2010 and 2017. Similarly, none of the 86 virulence phenotypes were detected across all Provinces. Only FDTTQ with 18 isolates, had a wide distribution in different Provinces. PKTTS and PKTSS phenotypes with virulence for 17 and 16 Lr genes, respectively were the most virulent ones and were detected in Khorasan Razavi and Mazandaran Provinces in 2016. The pathotypes CDDLB and CFDLB with virulence for four and five Lr genes, respectively, were the least virulent ones and were detected in Golestan Province in 2011. The genetic structure of P. triticina populations is being investigated using molecular markers.