مقایسه سمیت پالیزین با ایمیداکلوپرید، پیریمیکارب و اسپیروتترامات روی کفشدوزک (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) Hippodamia variegata

Lady beetle Hippodamia variegata Goeze, is one of the active predators of sucking pests, especially aphids and other important pests in agricultural ecosystems. In integrated pest management (IPM) programs the combination of chemical and biological control methods is the most common aspect of this process. The application of chemical pesticides can lead to problems such as reducing the population of natural enemies. Hence, the development and application of pesticides compatible with biological control agents are necessary. Organic pesticide Palizin has been shown to be effective in controlling sucking pests. In this research, a test was conducted to reduce the application of chemical pesticides and the application of pesticides is compatible with natural enemies, herbal pesticide Palizin SL65% (Containing coconut oil soap and peppermint extract and eucalyptus extract) in three concentrations (2500, 1250 and 833 ppm) compared with the chemical pesticides imidacloprid (SC35%, 400 ppm), pirimicarb (WP50%, 700 ppm) and spirotetramat (SC 10%, 700 ppm) in the laboratory on adults was assessed. For each treatment (concentration) six replications and within each replication, 10 insects were placed. Then two ml of a solution of each concentration was sprayed (via the spray tower, push one bar and 10 seconds). After each treatment, the adults were transferred to clean petri-dishes in the incubator at (25±1°C, 60±5% relative humidity (RH) and 16:8, D: L photoperiod conditions). The percentage of mortality was calculated at 24, 48 and 72 hours after application of the treatment. The results showed that palizin pesticide in the concentration of 2500 ppm was caused 83.33, 86.67, and 90% mortality respectively at 24, 48, and 72 hours after the test. Also, Palizin in the concentration of 1250 ppm was caused 66.68, 70 and, 76.67% mortality and in the concentration of 833 ppm was caused 63.33, 70, and 73.13% mortality respectively at test times. Among the chemical pesticides used, pirimicarb was caused 43.33, 53.33, and 66.67% mortality and spirotetramat was caused 10, 30, and 46.67% mortality respectively at test times. That's while imidacloprid was caused 100% mortality at 24 hours after the test. Also, control treatment (water) caused 6.67, 10, and 26.67% mortality, respectively at tested times. According to the classification criteria of the effect of pesticides on natural enemies (IOBC) Palizin in the concentration of 2500 ppm in moderately harmful group, in concentrations of 833 ppm and 1250 ppm in slightly harmful group, pirimicarb in slightly harmful group, spirotetramat at 24 hours in harmless group and at 24 and 72 hours in slightly harmful group and imidacloprid in harmful group were placed. Therefore, according to the results obtained in this study, Palizin pesticides can be used with concentrations of 833 and 1250 ppm to control sucking pests and the preservation the H. variegata.