اثرات کشندگی اسانس و عصاره‌ی سه گیاه روی سوسک چهارنقطه‌ای حبوبات Callosobruchus maculatus Fabricus و شپشه‌ی گندم Sitophilus granarius L.

In the recent years search for alternatives to conventional chemical insecticides, essential oils and extracts derived from aromatic plants have been widely investigated. In the present research, the essential oils and extracts of three aromatic plants from Cupressus arizonica Greene, Juniperus communis L. and Mentha longifolia L. were used to evaluate toxicity on Callosobruchus maculatus Fabricus and the Sitophilus granarius L.. Essential oils of leaves and fruits for C. arizonica and J. communis, leaves and flowers for M. longifolia were derived and analyzed by Gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC/MS) that main compounds were consisted of α-Pinene, Sabinene and Pulegone with 19.87, 24.55 and 31.26%, respectively. The LC50 values resulted from the essential oils of C. arizonica, J. communis and M. longifolia after 24 hours on C. maculatus and S. granarius were 8.033, 3.505, 4.325 and 1.190, 2.484, 2.80 µl on 250 liters of air and for extracts after 48 hours were 9.638, 34.521, 35.336, and 189.579, 193.905, 268.838 ppm, respectively. In the evaluation of combined three essential oils and extracts of three plants against C. maculatus and S. granarius, significant differences between treatments were observed. Maximum mortality in essential oils was observed in C. maculatus by LC25 (Ca+Jc), LC25 (Ca+Ml) and LC25 (Jc+Ml) and in S. granarius by LC25 (JC+Ml) treatments. Maximum mortality in extracts was observed in C. maculatus by LC25 (Jc+Ml) and in S. granarius by LC25 (Ca+Jc) treatments. This research shows that essential oil and extract have potential in control of stored product pests and can be used in integrated pest managements.