بررسی تعاملات دو جانبه گیاه- شته سبز هلو،(Sulzer) Myzus persicae بر فعالیت برخی از ژن‌های مهم آنزیمی کفشدوزک(Goeze) Hippodamia variegata

The plant- herbivore- natural enemies interactions have a lot of complexities. Plant species affect not only on biological and physiological parameters of the herbivorous insects, but also parasitoids and predators directly or/and indirectly, through multi- trophic interactions. The predatory ladybirds, Hippodamia variegata (Goeze) (Col .: Coccinellidae) having small size, high searching and reproductive potential of the predator species in the greenhouse conditions is the most effective species and can the shortest period increased their population in nature. Ladybird, H. variegata is a polyphagous species which mainly feed on aphids especially the green peach aphid, Myzus persicae (Sulzer). The green peach aphid is a polyphagous insect which can cause damage on a lot of crops in fields and greenhouses. In the present study, effect of spraying zinc sulfate on bell pepper plants and addition of the organic fertilizer of vermicompost 30% and the biologic fertilizers of Bacillus subtilis the growing medium of bell pepper were investigated. The confirmation of the presence and stability activity of some important enzymatic genes of H. variegata (Goeze) was investigated by PCR method with specific primers of the gene. The result shown that the highest enzymatic activity of the cathepsin B gene of H. variegata were observed on B. subtilis and the lowest amount ones activities on vermicompost (30%) and control, respectively. Also, the highest and the lowest enzymatic activity of the cathepsin L and Glycerol- 3- phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH) genes were recorded on B. subtilis and control, respectively. In this research, bio- fertilizer of B. subtilis in compared to other fertilizers can be effective in of management integrated of M. persicae. Thus, understanding tri- trophic interactions of host plant- pest- predator can be effective for improving crop management practices.