برهمکنش غیر مستقیم کودهای مختلف شیمیایی، آلی و بیولوژیک بر زیست‌شناسی کفشدوزک Adalia bipunctata L. (Col.: Coccinellidae)

Two spotted lady beetle, Adalia bipunctata L. is polyphagous aphidophagous lady bird which mainly feed on aphids especially. The green peach aphid, Myzus persicae, is a polyphagous and a holocyclic aphid that can cause damage on a lot of crops in fields and greenhouses. In this research the effects of Zinc sulfate spray on the foliage of the plant and amending the soil with organic (30% vermicompost) and bio- fertilizers (Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Glomus intraradices, G. intraradices× B. subtilis and G. intraradices× P. fluorescens) on biological parameters of A. bipunctata were investigated. There were significant differences among different fertilizer treatments in the incubation period, developmental time of larval and pupal stages as well as total preadult period of A. bipunctata. The lowest incubation period value (2.05 days) of A. bipunctata were observed on treatment of B. subtilis and highest value ones (2.95 days) on control. The shortest larval period (7.93 days) were showed on B. subtilis treatment and the longest this period on vermicompost 30% and Zinc sulfate treatments (10.39 and 10.16 days), respectively. The shortest pupal period of A. bipunctata were recorded on Zinc sulfate and G. intraradices (2.78 and 2.78 days), respectively and the longest value ones on vermicompost 30% (4.15 days). The longest preadult period (17.15 days) were recorded on vermicompost 30% and shortest (13.74 days) on G. intraradices. The lowest rate of preadult survival (0.50) on vermicompost 30% and the highest (0.67 and 0.67) on Zinc sulfate and B. subtilis treatments, respectively. Significant difference was observed among different treatments in oviposition period, total pre- oviposition period (TPOP) and adult pre- oviposition period (APOP) of A. bipunctata. The shortest oviposition period recorded on vermicompost 30%, Zinc sulfate treatments and control (27.18, 28.36 and 28.73 days, respectively) and longest (34.91 days) on B. subtilis treatment. The females reared on vermicompost 30% and P. fluorescens treatments had the longest TPOP period (26.36 days) and shortest (20.63 days), respectively. The longest APOP of ladybird on vermicompost 30% and G. intraradices (9.27 and 9.00 days, respectively) and the shortest this period on Zinc sulfate and G. intraradices× B. subtilis (6.93 and 6.78 days, respectively) were recorded. Thus, it can be concluded that the use of biological fertilizer in the soil of bell pepper might be used as an auxiliary method to improve biological control tactic by A. bipunctata in integrated pest management program (IPM) of M. persicae.