بررسی کارایی عصاره سه گیاه (زوفا، تنباکو و گردو) علیه قارچ Fusarium solani f.sp phaseoli

Bean(Phaseolus vulgaris) are the most precious beans in the world, as well as Iran. This plant is cultivated in Iran at a level of about 110 thousand hectares and with 2304 kg/ha, has the highest yield in the country with respect to other legumes. Meanwhile, the province of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari with a cultivated area of more than 3427 hectares and the average yield of 2351 kg/ha is one of the most prone areas of bean cultivation in Iran(According to the Ministry of Agriculture). Considering this importance and increasing human need for this plant, it is necessary to modify the cultivars and increase the yield of the product. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of extracts of three plant species in the control of root dry rot disease in beans caused by Fusarium solani f.sp phaseoli in laboratory conditions and greenhouse conditions. In order to investigate the effect of extracts on disease control, the experiments were designed in a completely randomized design with factorial method And the effect of different plants (Hyssopus officinalis, Nicotiana rustica, Juglans regia), various solvents (water, acetone and methanol) and different concentrations (2% and 5%) were evaluated. In evaluating the radius of inhibitory halo, 5% methanol extract of N.r had the most favorable yield in reducing the vegetative growth of fusarium solani f.sp phaseoli fungi. In the study of greenhouse irrigation of pots with herbal extracts, the results showed that 2% acetone extract of H.o , 2% methanol extract of H.o and 2% acetone extract of N.r were the most effective treatments. In the study of greenhouse seed soaked in extract for 24 hours before planting, 5% methanol extract of H.o, 5% acetone extract of H.o and 5% methanol extract of N.r were the most effective treatments. In addition, use of plant extracs as seed soaked in extracts for 24 hours before planting was more effective, compared with soil drainage. In another experiment, comparing different application methods showed that extract saturated wheat bran mixed with pot soil was more effective for host growth improvement and disease reduction, compared with other methods: plant powder as host seed coating and plant powder mixed with pot soil and use 2% water extract of H.o saturated wheat bran mixed with pot soil was more effective for host growth improvement and disease reduction.