تأثیرات Talaromyces flavus پوشش داده شده با نانوذرات روی رشد پرگنه Fusarium oxusporum f. sp. cucumerinum

In Iran, during conducting significant research, the importance of Talaromyces flavus antagonistic fungus has been known to inhibit the growth of some of the important soilborne plant pathogens such as Rhizoctonia solani, Verticillium dahliae and Fusarium oxysporum. According to the results of the previous research, the commercialization of the bio-formulation of this fungus is very importance. Since the marketing is considered as one of the important factors for the continuation of commercialization, consideration of the type of bioformulation with easy applications can greatly affect the attraction of relevant consumers and a successful marketing. Therefore, in light of the recent advances in the application of nanotechnology in various sciences, it seemed necessary in the further research to prepare different nanoformulations of the biological agent with an emphasis on the ease of use, and study their efficacy in biological control of the plant diseases. In this study, we prepared nano-bio-formulations including two types of nanocapsules (F1 and F3), a type of nano emulsion (F2), and a powder type nano formulation (F4) containing T. flavus fungus. Three and six months after the production, laboratory tests on nanoformulations were performed in a completely randomized design in terms of the efficiency in inhibiting the colony growth of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cucumerinum, the causal agent of cucumber Fusarium wilt. In order to study each nanoformulation, the Petri dish containing Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) medium culture was divided into two halves, half of which was places a 0.5 mm segment from the pathogenic agent by cork borer, and in the other half, 0.1 gr of each nanoformulation was placed. For each of the mentioned nanoformulations, a separate experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design with five treatments (four nanoformulations and control) and three replications. For control,in the Petri dish, only in half of the Petri dish was the pathogenic agent, and in the other half, the nanoformulation was not placed. For determining the effects of each nanoformulation on the pathogenic agent, seven days after the exposure of the pathogenic agent with the nanoformulation, the inhibition percent of the pathogenic agent growth was calculated in every treatment. The above-mentioned experiment was carried out twice in first and second three months after producing the nanoformulations. The results showed that the inhibition percent in all treatments containing nanoformulation has decreased in second three months compared to first three months. In second three months, the maximum inhibition percent (21.42%) belonged to the nanopowder (F4). However, there was not significant difference among the other treatments statistically. Supplementary studies in greenhouse conditions are being conducted to determine the efficacy of T. flavus nanoformulations in controlling cucumber Fusarium wilt disease.