مقایسه کارآیی چند اسانس گیاهی و قارچ‌کش در کنترل قارچ Alternaria solani در شرایط آزمایشگاهی و گلخانه‌ای

The effect of Rosemary (Rosemarinus officinalis), Tyme (Thymus kotschyanus), Dill (Anethum graveolens), Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare), Tarragon (Artemisia dracunculus) and Ajowan (Carum capticum) essential oils in different concentrations of essential oils (250, 500 and 1000 ppm) with control treatment (distilled water) on growth and sporulation of Alternaria solani was studied in vitro. Also the efficacy of Stroby®, Ortiva top® and Daconil® fungicides and three essential oils (Fennel, Thyme and Ajowan in 250 ppm) were evaluated in greenhouse condition for control of tomato early blight in a completely randomized design with five replications. The inhibitory activity of the essential oils was studied by mixing each essential oil with potato dextrose agar (PDA), and the growth rate and sporulation of the fungus was measured after seven days incubation at 27±1°C. The results showed that the Ajowan and Tyme essential oils had stronger inhibitory effects on fungal growth, as in the lowest concentration (250 ppm) growth was reduced by 92.78% and 86.2% compared to control, respectively. The inhibitory rate of Rosemary, Dill and Fennel essential oils in maximum concentration (1000 ppm) was 30.43, 81.26 and 80.61%, respectively. Tarragon essential oil increased the fungal growth in 500 and 1000 ppm the amount of 11.59 and 5.21% in compare to control. The Tyme, Ajowan and Fennel essential oil showed the most inhibition on sporulation. In greenhouse experiments, Ortiva top® and Stroby® treated pots recorded a PDI ranging 20.08 and 22.9 and as compared to a PDI of 39.89 of Daconil® were effective for control of tomato early blight and had more effect on increase of tomato dry weight and fruit yield. In between essential oils, the smallest of disease severity was achieved by Ajowan (47.82%) and thereafter obtained when tomato plants were treated with Tyme and Fennel (54.33 and 80.41%, respectively).