کاربرد تلفیقی Glomus mosseae ، Bacillus subtilis و Trichoderma harzianum بر روی رشد گیاه و کنترل نماتد ریشه‌گرهی (Meloidogyne javanica) در گوجه‌فرنگی

In this study, the individual and combined impact of isolates from arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (Glomus mosseae), Plant probiotic bacteria (Bacillus subtilis) and Trichoderma harzianum on tomato growth and also controlling of root knot nematode (Meloidogyne javanica) were investigated. For this purpose after assurance of root colonization by G. mosseae, B. subtilis and T. harzianum a factorial experiment based on a completely randomized design with 16 treatments and 4 replications was performed under greenhouse conditions. In order to study the effect of these agents on the growth of tomato plants, the plant growth indices (height of shoot, root length, fresh and dry weight of the aerial and root parts were measured. To evaluate the effect of these microorganisms on controlling M. javanica several growth and developmental indices related to the nematode, including number of galls and egg mass per plant, number of eggs in egg mass, number of second juveniles in the soil and reproductive factor, Rf = Pf / Pi were used. In single application of these microorganisms, the results of statistical analysis, indicated more ability of B. subtilis compared with other agents in controlling the nematode, however, in the combined application, G. mosseae and B. subtilis, could reduce 52% of the number of eggs in the egg mass comparing to nematode alone control treatment. Meanwhile, the combined application of G. mosseae, B. subtilis and T. harzianum had the highest effect on reducing indices of root-knot nematode infection, so that the population of second juvenile in the soil reduced by 56%. The results of this study show that although the single application of G. mosseae, B. subtilis and T. harzianum, increased the growth of different parts of the plant and reduced the indices of nematode infection, however, the combined application of these factors, compared to their separate application had a greater effect on the improvement of plant growth as well as controlling of M. javanica.