بررسی مقاومت برخی از ارقام گندم آبی و دیم نسبت به بیماری فوزاریوم سنبله در منطقه شمال ایران

Bread Wheat is one of the most important food products around the world, and human receives 20% of his calories and protein absorbed from wheat. Fusarium head blight caused by fungus Fusarium graminearum has posed a serious threat to the global production of wheat and barley, not only in reducing grain yield but also in reducing grain quality. Therefore, it is important to know the damaging effects of this disease and to identify resistant and tolerant cultivars.. In this study 21 wheat and wheat suitable for dry land cultivars in Northern region of Iran including falat, Gonbad, Pastur, Redia, N-91-17, Tiger, Inya, N-91-8, Tajan, Koohdasht, Nogal, Line 17, Sark 6, Karim, morvarid, Qaboos, Wang Shu Bai, aftab, Frontana, Sumi 3 and N-87-20 were cultivated in a completely randomized block design. Suspension containing Fusarium fungus macroconidia was manually induced at the exit stage of the worms from the spike. Two weeks after sporulation, the Fusarium resistance index including percentage of disease, severity of disease and percentage of contaminated grains were studied. Two weeks after infection, an infection count was made. In terms of Fusarium Resistance Evaluation, the percentage of disease, disease severity and percentage of contaminated grains were investigated and the resistance and damages of each of them were evaluated for the percentage and severity of the disease and percentage of contaminated grains. Based on the results of variance analysis, there was a significant difference between the cultivars tested at the probability level of one percent for the incidence rate, severity of disease and percentage of contaminated grains. Considering the significance of genotypes at 1% probability level, all genotypes were grouped with Duncan test. The lowest incidence of disease was related to the Sumi3, Frontana, aftab and Wang Shu Bai cultivars respectively. Despite the similarity of the incidence of disease, the severity of the disease in the Redia gonbad, and falat cultivars is more than the rest of the cultivars and the falat is the most severe disease. The Sumi 3, frontana, Aftab and Wang Shu Bai cultivars have the least severity of disease among these cultivars. morvarid and Karim cultivars with 100% incidence of disease were similar to those of Qaboos and N-87-20 cultivars.. The lowest incidence and severity was related to Sumi 3 and Frontana Sumy genotypes.. According to the amount of contamination of the seeds, the Sumai 3 variety has the lowest amount and the falat cultivar has the highest value. Based on the index of contaminated grains, aftab, morvarid and line 17 cultivars, which have the severity of the disease and the percentage of their contaminated seeds are less than other cultivars, are recommended for cultivation in areas with epidemic of Fusarium head blight.